Benign

What are germ cell tumours?

Germ cell tumours are a group of tumours that develop from germ cells — the cells that normally develop into eggs or sperm. These tumours can occur in babies, children, teenagers and adults.

Although germ cells are usually found in the ovaries and testicles, they can sometimes be found in other parts of the body during early development. This means germ cell tumours can also develop in areas such as the brain, chest, abdomen or lower spine.

Some germ cell tumours are benign (non-cancerous), while others are malignant (cancerous). The type of tumour determines how it behaves and what treatment may be needed.

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms depend on where the tumour develops and how large it becomes. They may include:

• A lump or swelling in the tummy, pelvis or testicles.

• Abdominal pain or discomfort.

• Persistent headaches, nausea or vomiting if the tumour develops in the brain.

• Coughing or difficulty breathing if it develops in the chest.

• Changes in urination or bowel habits.

• Unexplained tiredness or other changes in general health.

These symptoms can have many causes and do not automatically mean a child has cancer. Persistent or unexplained symptoms should be checked by a healthcare professional.

How are germ cell tumours diagnosed?

Doctors may use several tests to understand the tumour, including:

• Scans: Ultrasound, MRI or CT scans to locate the tumour.

• Blood tests: Checking for tumour markers, such as AFP or beta-hCG, when appropriate.

• Biopsy or surgery: A sample of the tumour may be examined to identify its type.

• Additional tests: These may help determine whether the tumour has spread and guide treatment.

Not every child will need every test.

How are germ cell tumours treated?

Treatment depends on the type of tumour, where it is located, whether it is benign or malignant, and whether it has spread.

Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy in certain situations, or careful monitoring for some tumours. Many germ cell tumours respond well to treatment, but the outlook varies depending on the individual diagnosis.

Raising awareness 💗

At The Millie Rose Foundation, we believe every child deserves the best possible care, every family deserves support, and every story deserves to be heard.

By raising awareness of childhood cancers, including germ cell tumours, we hope to improve understanding, encourage continued research and help families feel less alone when facing a diagnosis.

In memory of Millie Rose Hedley, we remain committed to raising awareness of all childhood cancers and helping create brighter tomorrows for children and their loved ones.

💗 Every child matters. Every family matters. Every story matters.

This information is for general awareness and educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for advice from a qualified healthcare professional.